Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) was born in the city of Makkah. His father was Abdullah, and his mother was Aminah. In his infancy, he was nursed by Halimah Sadiyah of the Banu Saad tribe. After his mother passed away, his grandfather Abdul Muttalib took care of him. When his grandfather died, his uncle Abu Talib took over his care and protected him for many years.
In his youth, the people of Makkah gave him the titles As-Sadiq, the Truthful, and Al-Amin, the Trustworthy, because of his honesty. At the age of 25, he married Hazrat Khadijah (RA), who was his first wife. At the age of 40, while he was in the Cave of Hira, he received the first revelation. The first word of the Quran revealed to him was “Iqra”, meaning “Read”.
When he began to call people to Islam, Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) was the first adult free man to accept it, and Hazrat Ali (RA) was the first child to accept it. As the Quraysh increased their persecution, the Muslims made their first migration to Abyssinia. The 10th year of prophethood is known as the Year of Sorrow, or Aam-ul-Huzn, because Hazrat Khadijah (RA) and Abu Talib both passed away. Soon after, the Prophet (PBUH) travelled to the city of Taif to invite its people to Islam, but he was badly treated there. Later came the Night Journey, called Isra, which took him from Masjid al-Haram to Masjid al-Aqsa.
The city of Madinah was earlier called Yathrib. On the night of the Hijrah, Hazrat Ali (RA) slept in the bed of the Prophet (PBUH), while the Prophet (PBUH) and Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) hid in the Cave of Thawr. The Hijrah took place in 622 CE. After arriving, the first mosque built in Islam was Masjid Quba.
Soon, the Muslims faced the Quraysh in battle. About 313 Muslims fought in the Battle of Badr. In the Battle of Khandaq, the trench was dug on the suggestion of Hazrat Salman al-Farsi (RA). The Conquest of Makkah took place in 8 AH. During his last Hajj, the Prophet (PBUH) delivered his Farewell Sermon at Arafat. He passed away at the age of 63, and his blessed grave is in the city of Madinah.